3, and some of 15 and 16: Kinetic Theory of Matter, States of matter, and energy and thermodynamics, and gas laws. Particle Arrangement in Matter High School Science The Structure and States of Matter Chemistry Student Resource November 11, 2002 SCoPE SC100101 Page 1 of 3 Name _____ States of Matter and the Kinetic Theory In this lesson you will find out if what you remember about matter is correct—or “all wet.” 1. Matter is made up of particles which are in constant, _____ motion. As shown below, water (liquid) can exist in ice (solid) and water vapour (gas). 3. Reif ends with a much wider ranging discussion of kinetic theory, transport and stochastic processes. CONTEMPORARY KINETIC THEORY OF MATTER Kinetic theory provides a microscopic description of many observable, macroscopic processes and has a wide range of important applications in physics, astronomy, chemistry, and engineering. Much of Section 2 of these notes follows the path laid down in the these books. The second time you go through it, you think you understand it, except for one or two small points. Real gases do not behave according to the kinetic-molecular theory. Both Huang and Kardar treat kinetic theory and the Boltzmann equation before they move onto statistical mechanics. • Matter is composed of particles that are atoms, molecules, or ions that always are in random motion. Both Huang and Kardar treat kinetic theory and the Boltzmann equation before they move onto statistical mechanics. Kinetic-Molecular Theory To explain the existence of states of matter and changes of phase, we use a microscopic model of matter. In this book elementary statistical and kinetic theories are outlined prior to thermodynamics, from which we need to borrow a few principal statements. Please know the following. Matter can undergo physical or chemical changes. > Virginia standards CH.5 The student will investigate and understand that the phases of matter are explained by kinetic theory and forces of attraction between particles. The Kinetic Theory of Matter Kinetic Theory of Matter: Matter is made up of tiny particles (atoms or molecules) that are always in motion. The speed of this motion depends on temperature. This in turn determines whether the substance exists in the solid, liquid, or gaseous state. The moisture produced by the combustion of jet fuel freezes and forms molecules, atoms or ion. {Proof - Gases are easily compressible. Matter is made up of very small particles i.e. Particles interact with one another. zThe volume of individual molecules is very small compared to the gas’s volume. Particles are in constant, rapid, random motion. What is Brownian motion, and why does it happen in terms of kinetic theory? The state of the substance is then determined by whether it is solid, liquid, or gaseous. What are the 5 postulates of the kinetic molecular theory KMT?Gases are composed of infinitely small particles.The volume of a gas is composed of the space between the particles.Particles are in a constant random motion.Particles do not gain or lose kinetic energy during collision.Average kinetic energy of the particles is proportioned to temperature. The subject of kinetic theory, or more broadly statistical mechanics, was founded by Boltzmann, Clausis and Maxwell in the period 1850-1875. Video Summaries Their average kinetic The kinetic energy of a Textbook p51 Kinetic theory of Matter . Much of Section 2 of these notes follows the path laid down in the these books. Every particle has energy, however the amount of energy changes based on the temperature of the matter sample. The particles can be atoms, molecules or ions. The kinetic-molecular theory explains the physical properties of gases. The kinetic molecular theory in terms of particles of matter is covered simply. For more details on kinetic theory: Kinetic theory of matter and temperature in a sentence. The kinetic theory can explain the behavior of (a) gases only; (b) solids and liquids; (c) liquids and gases; (d) solids, liquids, and gases. Practice Test for Unit 3: Ch. According to the postulates of kinetic-molecular theory, the molecules of all gases at a given temperature have the same average kinetic energy. According to the kinetic theory of gases, in a collision between two molecules the kinetic energy of one molecule will decrease by the same amount that the kinetic energy of the other one increases. Reif ends with a much wider ranging discussion of kinetic theory, transport and stochastic processes. The term kinetic comes from the Greek word kinetikos and means “moving.” The kinetic theory, therefore, is based on the idea that the particles of matter are always moving, and that this motion has consequences. The properties of solids, liquids, and gases are a result of the energy of their particles … Gases consist of large numbers of tiny particles that are far apart relative to their size. Matter is classified by its _____ and type, of which there are three main types – solid, liquid and gas. The particles are always in continuous, random motion and hence, possess kinetic energy. 3. This idea applies to solids, liquids, and gases. ii. Describe the molecular kinetic theory of matter. property of matter, which is statistical in its origin. Their goal was to describe the macroscopic properties of matter from an atomic hypothesis. • The motion of the particles in matter is described by kinetic theory of matter. The kinetic theory of matter states that the matter is made up of tiny particles that move all the time. The Kinetic Theory of Matter states that all matter is composed of that are in a constant state of 2. iii. KINETIC MOLECULAR (K-M) THEORY OF MATTER NOTES - based on the idea that particles of matter are always in motion - assumptions of the K-M Theory 1.) Each different kind of matter is made up of its own kind of molecules, every molecule of any one kind being exactly like all others of that kind and different from those of any other kind. It can be defined as anything which has mass or occupies space. Kinetic energy of particles increases with increasing temperature. The kinetic molecular theory of matter states that: Matter is made up of particles that are constantly moving. Nitrogen is relatively inert. Kinetic Theory of Matter Temperature and Thermal Energy The reason for this is … Particles are in constant motion. All matter is made of tiny particles which exist as atoms, molecules and ions. Big Idea: Matter can be identified based on its properties and behavior. This in turn determines whether the substance exists in the solid, liquid, or gaseous state. The Kinetic Molecular Theory Kinetic molecular theory (KMT): Explains the observed properties of matter in its different states. The kinetic theory of gases explains the macroscopic properties of gases, such as volume, pressure, and temperature, as well as transport properties such as viscosity, thermal conductivity and mass diffusivity. The model also accounts for related phenomena, such as Brownian motion . (2) These molecules are in rapid and ceaseless motion. In the late nineteenth century, scientists developed a theory to account for the particles that make up matter. So what is the kinetic model of matter? This theory is based on the following posts, or assumptions. According to the kinetic molecular theory of matter, The particles that makeup matter are continually moving. Kinetic theory of matter. The first time you go through it, you don’t understand it at all. This means that The kinetic molecular theory of matter states that: Matter is made up of particles that are constantly moving. This powerful, theoretical framework allows a quantitative treatment of Matter can be in difference phases which are determined by Kinetic theory. All matter is made up of tiny, invisible, moving particles. 2. This theory explains the differences between the three states of matter: solid, liquid, and gas. zGases have few intermolecular attractions. Kinetic energy has “disorganizing” effect. Kinetic theory of matter worksheet pdf. These molecules are in some state of motion, hence they possess kinetic energy. No kinetic energy lost. But air contains oxygen which reacts with food. The behavior of gases will be examined in this section. The Kinetic-Molecular Theory {The basic assumptions of kinetic-molecular theory are: {Postulate 1 zGases consist of discrete molecules that are relatively far apart. 1. states of matter. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley Temperature Temperature A Guide to State of Matter and Kinetic Model of Matter Teaching Approach This section can begin with a recap of the three states of matter emphasizing the differences between the motion, volume and compressibility of each state of matter. However, one may just as well start with the last chapter, where the basic concept of thermodynamics This theory states that all matter is made of small particles that are in random motion and that have space between them. 2. 3. At the time, the atomic hypothesis – the view that matter consists of atoms – was not fully accepted. The kinetic-molecular theoryis based on the idea that particles of matter are always in motion. These are known as contrails. The kinetic theory of matter tells us a lot about different phases of matter. It states that: 1. Matter has physical and chemical properties. For more details on kinetic theory: 13. 15. KINETIC THEORY 7 Graph summaries (circle the words in parentheses) Graph 1: As I increased the number of particles, the internal pressure _____. The kinetic molecular theory The kinetic molecular theory postulates the experimental observations on the behavior of the gases discussed so far can be explained with a simple theoretical model known as the molecular kinetic theory. MFMcGraw-PHY 2425 Chap_18Ha -Temp & Kinetic Theory-Revised 10/13/2012 5 Thermodynamics “Thermodynamics is a funny subject. Assumptions made by kinetic theory: 1. STATES OF MATTER MATTER: “Anything having mass and occupies space is called matter.” KINETIC MOLECULAR THEORY OF MATTER: i. Submicroscopic particles that are in a constant state of motion, hence they possess kinetic energy related phenomena, as! 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