miRNAs have been proved to be closely related to the development and progression of tumors. Abstract. It is highly malignant and is often characterized by chemoresistance and radioresistance, which are thought to mainly result from hypoxic microenvironments. MicroRNAs (miRs) serve promoting or suppressive roles in various human cancer types, including ovarian cancer; however, the role of miR1423p in ovarian cancer growth and chemoresistance has not previously been studied. The volume will give a comprehensive account of important advancements in the area of miRNAs and cancer. doi:10.1371 . Forced expression of miR-338-5p in these cells resulted in downregulation of Id-1, and restoration of both in vitro and in vivo sensitivity to 5-FU treatment. Methods Gemcitabine-resistant variants of two mutant p53 human PDAC cell lines were established. Keywords: Cancer stem cells, chemoresistance, colorectal cancer, microRNA, targeted therapy. miR-200a plays a role in chemoresistance of breast cancer cells In our previous studies, it has been shown that MDA-MB-231 and ZR-75-30 had low levels of miR-200a. It has been reported that miR-115 and miR-25 reverse cisplatin (DDP) resistance [ 8, 9 ], while miR-125a and miR-224 promote paclitaxel resistance in cervical cancer cells [ 10, 11 ]. However, the development of chemoresistance is a major obstacle limiting successful treatment [ 2 ]. This provides a potential new therapeutic strategy to inhibit OSCC stem cells and counter chemoresistance. MiR-30c mimics and HDAC9 inhibitors reversed the chemoresistance of multidrug-resistant breast cancer cells. 2018 Jun;15 (6):5205-5214. doi: 10.3892/etm.2018.6107. to this end, combining microrna (mirna) therapeutics with anticancer drugs using multifunctional magnetic core shell nanoparticles (mcnps) would be a powerful approach. Acquired chemoresistance represents a major obstacle in cancer treatment, the underlying mechanism of which is complex and not well understood. Recent studies show that dysregulated microRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in metastasis and chemoresistance development in breast cancer. A key player in the control of such pathways is the tumor suppressor gene TP53, also . Recently, miRNAs have been indicated to be involved in the regulation of tumorigenesis, differentiation, and chemoresistance through the inhibition of major cellular pathways 16 - 18. Earlier studies demonstrated that microRNAs (miRNAs) might be involved in the chemosensitivity of cancers. Some miRNAs involved in chemoresistance act at specific steps in this pathway influencing the balance towards cell survival despite cell death. a and b Effects of miR-499a mimics and inhibitor on DDP-induced apoptosis of cervical cancer cells . MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs of 20 ~ 22 nucleotides. miRNAs widely participate in essential biological processes in various kinds of cells. This study assesses chemoresistant PDAC for its specific miR expression pattern. However, its role in regulating chemoresistance has not been investigated in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. Here, we identified miR-135b to be a contributor to anti-apoptosis and chemoresistance in colorectal cancer. Here, we demonstrate that microRNA-195-5p (miR-195) directly targets the 3 UTR of the MICU1 mRNA and represses MICU1 expression. Thus, it is very important to identify effective molecular targets regulating bladder cancer invasion and chemoresistance, which could be useful for the development of targeted therapy. The biogenesis of miRNAs is shown in Fig. MicroRNAs in DNA Damage Response, Carcinogenesis, and Chemoresistance - ScienceDirect International Review of Cell and Molecular Biology Volume 333, 2017, Pages 1-49 Chapter One - MicroRNAs in DNA Damage Response, Carcinogenesis, and Chemoresistance YuanzhangFang*1 LuZhang*1 ZhenghuLi*1 YujingLi* Cheng Huang XiongbinLu* Cancer in particular has been a major focus of microRNA research over the past decade, and many studies have demonstrated the importance of microRNAs in cancer biology through controlling expression of their target mRNAs to facilitate tumor growth . Exosomal MiR-744 inhibits proliferation and sorafenib chemoresistance in . MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a new class of small noncoding RNAs that may play an essential role for regulation of programmed cell death, which consists of . In the present study, the expression level of microRNA(miR)487b3p in OS specimens and cell lines was found to be decreased, and the expression level of miR487b3p was associated with overall survival in patients with OS. MicroRNA-1246 expression associated with CCNG2-mediated chemoresistance and stemness in pancreatic cancer. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding RNAs that contain 22 nucleotides. Keywords:Cancer, chemoresistance, TP53, tumor suppressor, microRNA, P53. The effects were abolished by reexpression of Id-1. Chemoresistance remains a major clinical obstacle to successful cancer treatment and brings about poor prognosis of the patients, yet the underlying mechanisms have not been entirely understood. Cancer Res (2008) . 2020 Apr;25 (3-4):205-216. doi: 10.1007/s10495-019-01588-y. mir-128-3p plays an important regulatory role in the development of many types of tumors 4, including prostate cancer, lung cancer, mll-af4 acute lymphocytic leukemia, colorectal cancer, and breast. No. MicroRNAs can mediate fine-tuning of genes in physiological process. However, the mechanisms and significance of miRNAs in cervical cancer remain much unknown. These results highlighted the hypothesis that miR-494 reduced chemoresistance of colon cancer cells to 5-Fu. Epub 2018 Apr 27. Hasegawa S, Eguchi H, Nagano H, et al. Methods for improving chemotherapy and reducing chemoresistance are accordingly of great interest in lung cancer chemotherapy [ 3, 4 ]. MicroRNAs play critical roles in tumor progression. To further examine the role of miR-200a in chemosensitivity, MDA-MB-231 and ZR-75-30 cells were transfected with miR-200a mimics, respectively. Abstract: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide. Here we report that microRNA-30c, a human breast tumour prognostic marker, has a pivotal role in chemoresistance by a direct targeting of the actin-binding protein twinfilin 1, which promotes. We identified microRNA miR-181a-5p as an inhibitory target of CRNDE. DOI: 10.2174 . MicroRNAs' energy metabolic role in chemoresistance has been probed recently. The inhibition of miR487b3p stimulated OS cell migration and . Microrna in Development and in the Progression of Cancer Shree Ram Singh, Pranela . . CSCs are a small subpopulation of cells identified in a variety of tumors and involve in self-renewal, differentiation, chemoresistance and tumorigenesis. 69. miR . MicroRNA-30c-regulated HDAC9 mediates chemoresistance of breast cancer. Br J Cancer . The main function of miRNAs is to regulate post-transcriptional gene expression by targeting the 3-untranslated region (UTR) of related mRNAs. 2012;32(9):3847-53. We observed high levels of miR-135b in colorectal cancer cell lines and clinical tissues, compared to colorectal epithelium cell line and noncancerous tissues. This review focuses on miRmediated Regulation of MicroRNA-497-Targeting AKT2 Influences Tumor Growth and Chemoresistance to Cisplatin in Lung Cancer Lin Wang 1, Xiang-Bo Ji 2, Li-Hong Wang 2, Jian-Ge Qiu 1, Feng-Mei Zhou 1, Wen-Jing Liu 3, Di-di Wan 2, Marie Chai-mi Lin 1, Ling-Zhi Liu 4, Jian-Ying Zhang 2* and Bing-Hua Jiang 1,4* MicroRNA expression profiling in human ovarian cancer: miR-214 induces cell survival and cisplatin resistance by targeting PTEN. Metastasis and chemoresistance indicate poor prognosis in patients with osteosarcoma (OS). The association between miRNAs and autophagy in cancer chemoresistance has been emphasized. The formation of mature miRNA goes through a series of complex processes. The effects of targeted treatment on endogenous microRNA (miRNA) expression levels are unclear. The tumor protein p63/microRNA functional network appears to play a decisive role in chemoresistance of human epithelial cancers. response, angiogenesis, chemoresistance, invasion, and migration. The incidence of colon cancer is high worldwide and its treatment has long been a focus of attention. More information: Lingyun Zhang et al, Mechanisms and Therapeutic Targets of microRNA-associated Chemoresistance in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer, Current Cancer Drug Targets (2016). microRNA contains about 22 nucleotides and plays its role in RNA silencing and post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. The molecular targets and mechanisms of. MicroRNA-142-3p inhibits cell proliferation and chemoresistance in ovarian cancer via targeting sirtuin 1 Exp Ther Med. miRNAs are small non-coding RNAs having 20-22 nucleotides, and they have a major role in affecting protein expression, much needed for cell differentiation, growth and development, and are involved in the regulation of cell function and gene regulation through translational repression, gene silencing and eventual decay of mRNA [ 49]. Anticancer Res. Autophagy refers . Based on the aforementioned findings, it was suggested that SIRT1 may be involved in miR-142-3p-mediated suppression of ovarian cancer cell proliferation and chemoresistance. A microRNA expression signature of human solid tumors defines cancer gene targets, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 103 (2006), 2257-61. Together they form a unique fingerprint. Methods In this study, we conducted miRNAs profile comparison between triple-negative breast cancer (TNBCs) and normal breast tissues by microRNA array. Objective Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients with truly chemosensitive disease still represent a minority among all TNBC patients. The tumor suppressor protein p53 is a central player in the regulation of cell cycle arrest and cell death, and it is activated in response to different chemotherapeutic drugs [ 23 ]. 2D), and suppression of miR-494 made HT-29 and HCT116 cells less sensitive to 5-Fu (Fig. Hyaluronan (HA), one of the major ECM (extracellular matrix) components have been identified as a physiological ligand for surface CD44 . The aim of this study was to assess the expression of miR-7 in patients . Core shell nanoparticles Engineering & Materials Science In the present study, reverse transcriptionquantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting were used to examine miR and protein expression levels. Chemoresistance is associated with cancer stem cell-like properties and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in pancreatic cancer cells. We obtained the microRNA expression profile of three biphasic-sarcomatoid MPM cell lines to identify commonly expressed microRNAs and evaluate the effect of butein, a chemo-sensitizing compound, on this microRNA subset. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of short, single-stranded RNAs that regulate gene expression through either the inhibition of translation or mRNA degradation 14, 15. Several research groups have shown that the expressions of miRNAs in chemoresistant cancer cells and their parental chemosensitive ones are different. Our recent study has indicated that microRNA-7 (miR-7) impairs autophagy-derived pools of glucose to suppress the glycolysis in pancreatic cancer progression. An MTT . MicroRNA-320a and microRNA-4496 attenuate Helicobacter pylori cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA) . Background Glioma is the most common and lethal form of brain cancer. 17 Overexpression of secretagogin inhibits cell apoptosis and induces chemoresistance in small cell lung cancer under the regulation of miR-494 mirnas are short (2022 nucleotides) noncoding rna molecules that bind to messenger rnas (mrnas) in a completely or partially complementary fashion, leading to the degradation or However, the roles of miR-7 in clinical significance and chemoresistance of pancreatic cancer remain unexplored. The function of miRNAs in CRC can contribute to its diagnosis and treatment. we focused on miR-186-5p for its important contribution to EMT and chemoresistance in other cancer settings and because . microRNA Pathway Targets for Chemoresistance EGFR and miR-21, -23b, and -424s EGFR is a tyrosine kinase receptor in the ErB/HER family, and its activation signals downstream pathways that regulate cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival. Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology. 2E). However, chemoresistance is an important factor affecting the success of neoadjuvant or postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. 4 MicroRNAs play crucial roles in cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, and cell differentiation. In just a few short years microRNAs have become firmly established as key molecular components of the cell in both normal and pathologic states [1]. microRNA-7 (miR-7) has been described as a negative regulator of several proteins involved in cancer, such as YY1 and KLF4. To investigate the effect of microRNA (miR)-155 on colon cancer chemoresistance to cisplatine and its mechanism. Background Recently, microRNA-21 (miR-21) was reported to be strongly overexpressed in pancreatic cancer as well as in other solid cancers. Read more related scholarly scientific articles and abstracts. However, there are currently no available interventions to normalize aberrant MICU1 expression. Authors Jianlian Gao 1 , Nan Wu 1 , Xiaohong Liu 1 , Yuechong Xia 2 , Ying Chen 1 , Shaoru Li 3 , Zhijian Deng 1 Affiliations miR-499a enhanced the migration and invasion as well as chemoresistance of cervical cancer cells. Our study aims to investigate the exact role of let-7 in chemotherapy sensitivity of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in RCC . microRNA therapeutics targeted delivery Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of 'Overcoming Chemoresistance in Cancer via Combined MicroRNA Therapeutics with Anticancer Drugs Using Multifunctional Magnetic Core-Shell Nanoparticles'. Tumor malignancies involve cancer cell growth, issue invasion, metastasis and often drug resistance. The cisplatin- and phosphorylated-Np63-dependent microRNAs, whose expression was varied in sensitive and resistant squamous cell carcinoma cells (SCC, which were derived from larynx and tongue tumors), were shown to modulate the expression of multiple members of . Here, we profiled microRNA (miR) expression in serous epithelial ovarian carcinomas to assess the possibility of a miR signature associated with chemoresistance. Since "Warburg effect" has been firstly uncovered in cancer cells in 1956, mounting evidence has supported the molecular mechanism underlying the energy metabolism in induced chemoresistance in cancers. miR-138-5p has an emerging prospect to be exploited as a new target for colorectal cancer. Clinical significance in chemoresistant high-grade serous ovarian cancers was established for miR-506 while a miRNA mimic library screen revealed miR-103 and miR-107 as strong drug resistance contributors in the U2OS cell line, a model for osteosarcoma (Figure 2; Table 1) ( 45, 47 ). Conclusions These results indicate that the mechanism of chemoresistance reversal with selective HDAC inhibition was partially realized by regulating miR-30c via directly targeting HDAC9. G. et al. MicroRNA let-7, a putative tumor suppressor, is dysregulated in many cancers. We found that microRNA (miR)-338-5p was underexpressed in ESCC cells with acquired 5-FU chemoresistance. (2014) MicroRNA Profiling Implies New Markers of Chemoresistance of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Various tumour-promoting and tumour-suppressing microRNAs (miRNAs) have been identified in gliomas; however, it is still largely unknown how miRNAs are modified by . MDR is one of the significant causes of chemoresistance. The tumor protein p63/microRNA functional network appears to play a decisive role in chemoresistance of human epithelial cancers. The cisplatin- and phosphorylated-Np63-dependent microRNAs, whose expression was varied in sensitive and resistant squamous cell carcinoma cells (SCC, which were derived from larynx and tongue tumors), were shown to modulate the expression of multiple members of . The aim of the present study is to identify microRNAs (miRNAs) that correlate with TNBC chemoresistance. MICU1 induces both glycolysis and chemoresistance and is associated with poor clinical outcomes. Herein, we identified downregulated expression of miR7083p in breast cancers. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a new class of small noncoding RNAs that may play an essential role for regulation of programmed cell death, which consists of apoptosis and autophagy. Authors microRNA-499a promotes the progression and chemoresistance of cervical cancer cells by targeting SOX6 Apoptosis. Besides, miRNAs are involved in the chemoresistance of cervical cancer. We investigated the functional roles of miR-21, which have not been fully elucidated in pancreatic cancer. Introduction. Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to measure the levels of miR155 and forkhead box O3 (FOXO3) in colon cancer specimens and cell lines. Therefore, due to these dismal statistics, it is crucial to develop beneficial therapeutic strategies based on an improved understand ing of the biology of both miRs and metabolic mediators. Chemoresistance induced by overexpression of ABCG2 is an important modality of MDR in multiple tumour cell lines selected with various chemotherapeutic agents 47. MicroRNAs (miR) are epigenetic gene regulators with tumorsuppressive or oncogenic roles in various carcinomas. Background Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is characterized by inherent resistance to chemotherapy. . SIRT1 rescues the miR-142-3p-mediated suppression of proliferation and chemoresistance of ovarian cancer cells . Background Cancer is in the forefront of threatening the public health globally [ 1 ]. Citation: Ouyang M, Li Y, Ye S, Ma J, Lu L, et al. Gastroenterology Pancreatic Cancer MicroRNA-708 inhibits the proliferation and chemoresistance of pancreatic cancer cells Authors: Wensong LIU Yunjie LU Dong ZHANG Longqing SHI Abstract Pancreatic. In this review, we focus on the dual roles of miRNA-mediated autophagy in facilitating or combating chemoresistance, aiming to shed lights on the potential role of miRNAs as targets to overcome chemoresistance. Metastasis and chemoresistance remain major challenges in the clinical treatment of breast cancer. micrornas (mirnas) are short noncoding rnas known to post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression through base-pairing to a complementary sequence of a target gene 6. mirnas play pivotal roles. Abstract:The chemoresistance of cancer cells is a multifactorial mechanism in which de-regulated apoptotic pathways, the oxidative response and cancer cell migration play a crucial role. Abstract Chemoresistance remains a major clinical obstacle to successful cancer treatment and brings about poor prognosis of the patients, yet the underlying mechanisms have not been entirely understood. [9] Cai X., , Hagedorn C.H., and Cullen B.R., Human microRNAs are processed from capped, polyadenylated transcripts that can also function as mRNAs, Rna 10 (2004), 1957-66. Both CRNDE knockdown and miR-181a-5p overexpression in CRC cell lines led to inhibited cell proliferation and reduced chemoresistance. Furthermore, in SW620 and HCT8 cells which had relative high chemoresistance, miR-494 also reduced their resistance to 5-Fu (Fig. A great deal of effort has been placed on searching for unique molecule(s) overexpressed in cancer cells that correlate(s) with tumor cell-specific behaviors. We analyzed tumor samples from 198 patients (86 patients as a training set and 112 patients as a validation set) for human miRs. Our research indicates that miR-138-5p could be a crucial modulator controlling colorectal cancer cell migration and chemoresistance, by acting upon the NFIB-Snail1 axis. . MicroRNA emerges as a good area of research for current cancer therapy. 1 Currently, surgery, radiation and/or chemotherapy are standard treatments for colon cancer. A novel miRNA-485-5p/KRT17/integrin/FAK/Src/ERK/-catenin signaling pathway is unveiled to modulate OSCC cancer stemness and drug resistance to the common first-line chemotherapeutics. PLoS PLoS ONE 9(5): e96228. 2014;111(8):1572-1580. Due to the poor prognosis of pancreatic cancer, novel diagnostic modalities for early diagnosis and new therapeutic strategy are urgently needed. MiRNAs and their roles in chemoresistance As mentioned above, miRNAs are small ncRNAs regulating gene expression negatively by interaction with the 3UTR of their target mRNAs. Izumiya M, et al. 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